Participant Profile
Tetsuo Hosono
Other : Representative Director, Association for the Promotion of Regional Greenery TechnologyOther : ArboristFaculty of Law GraduatePh.D. (Agriculture). Graduated from Keio University Faculty of Law in 2000. Completed the Doctoral Programs at the Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University. Assumed current position after serving as a Project Assistant Professor at the Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University. Visiting Researcher at Chiba University.
Tetsuo Hosono
Other : Representative Director, Association for the Promotion of Regional Greenery TechnologyOther : ArboristFaculty of Law GraduatePh.D. (Agriculture). Graduated from Keio University Faculty of Law in 2000. Completed the Doctoral Programs at the Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University. Assumed current position after serving as a Project Assistant Professor at the Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University. Visiting Researcher at Chiba University.
Masaya Sawafuji
Research Centers and Institutes Manager, Operations Service (Procurement), Hiyoshi Campus OfficeGraduated from Keio University Faculty of Environment and Information Studies in 1997. Completed the Master's Program at the Graduate School of Media and Governance in 1999. Joined Keio University in 1999.
Masaya Sawafuji
Research Centers and Institutes Manager, Operations Service (Procurement), Hiyoshi Campus OfficeGraduated from Keio University Faculty of Environment and Information Studies in 1997. Completed the Master's Program at the Graduate School of Media and Governance in 1999. Joined Keio University in 1999.
Satoshi Iwabuchi
Administration Office Staff, Office of Facilities and Property ManagementGraduated from Aoyama Gakuin University Faculty of Business Administration in 2001. Joined Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. (Sales, Publication Printing Division) the same year. Joined Keio University in 2005. After working in the Office of Student Services, assigned to the Office of Facilities and Property Management in 2013. In charge of tree management and other duties.
Satoshi Iwabuchi
Administration Office Staff, Office of Facilities and Property ManagementGraduated from Aoyama Gakuin University Faculty of Business Administration in 2001. Joined Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. (Sales, Publication Printing Division) the same year. Joined Keio University in 2005. After working in the Office of Student Services, assigned to the Office of Facilities and Property Management in 2013. In charge of tree management and other duties.
「倒木」の責任とは?
慶應の三田・日吉のキャンパスは歴史もあり、古い樹木が多くあります。日吉には何といってもキャンパスの「顔」であるイチョウ並木があり、またその奥の蝮谷には森が広がっている。三田は中庭の大イチョウが有名です。
これらの樹木はキャンパスの景観に欠かせないものであり、卒業生にとっても思い出深いものだと思いますが、一方で倒木などの管理の問題もあります。今日は、塾出身の樹木医、細野さんを交え、話していきたいと思います。
私は変わった経歴ですが、塾の法学部法律学科を出てから千葉大へ行き、樹木医になりました。理由を話すと長くなりますが、簡単に言うと、樹木が好きだったからというのが一番の理由です。
シンプルですね。
実は司法試験受験生だったんですが、進路を考えた時に、「そんなに法律好きじゃないな」と気付いてしまいまして(笑)。
もともと祖父が園芸が好きでした。私も家の庭で合間、合間にいろいろな植物を育てているうちに、専門的に樹木を育ててみたいという気持ちが大きくなり、剪定や管理技術、造園などを研究している千葉大の大学院に行きました。
ある時、研究室の教授から、「今までやってきたことを生かせば」という助言を受けて、樹木と法律的な社会問題などを組み合わせて研究することにしたんです。
よく「木が倒れた」という報道がありますよね。一つ間違えば大変な事故が起きます。当然所有者だったり管理者がいるので、その人たちの責任はどうなのか、ということがある。そこを専門にしている人は全然いなかったんです。
事故が起きたら必ず責任を負わなければいけないということではなく、その管理者が事故を予見できたかどうかが重要になってくる。つまり、日頃管理者がどういう管理をしていたかが重要なのですね。
まさに、去年、台風19号、21号で、日吉キャンパスの樹木が、慶應が土地を貸している横浜市の認可保育園のフェンスと屋根を傷つける事故が起きました。その時も責任の問題が浮上しましたが、樹木の定期的な剪定を行っている管理記録をきちんと取っていたので、相手方は「これじゃあお金は取れませんよね」となりました。
私が日吉のこの部署に来た時は、樹木管理にあまり予算措置をしていませんでした。何かトラブルが起きたら切るくらいで、イチョウ並木にもなかなかお金をかけられずにいました。
また、桜に寿命が来ているタイミングなのか、倒木騒ぎがよくありました。そのためキャンパス内の危険箇所についてはここ2、3年、予算を多く付けて樹木管理に力を入れています。もし倒木で通行人や学生にケガをさせてしまったら、それこそ多大なコストになる。そこで、東急グリーンシステムという会社と組んで日々の巡回や、緊急時対応の体制をようやく整えたところです。
日々の巡回というのはどのくらいの頻度ですか。
東急グリーンシステムの人が常駐して毎日やってくれていますが、日吉の管理範囲は下田も含めると相当広くて全部を1日で回りきれません。エリアを分けて、危険度の高いところを重点的に見ながら、すべての場所について、最低でも月に1度は点検するようにしています。
日吉キャンパスは丘になっていて斜面地が多いので、湧き水がないかなど、防災面でのチェックも同時に行っています。
私は、現在三田の管財部で、業務の1つとして樹木管理を担当するようになりました。
三田キャンパスの敷地は狭いとはいえ、樹木の数は相当な本数あります。なかなか1年で全ての樹木を剪定することはできませんが、部分的にでも切って、整えてあげるとキャンパスに光が差し込みとても明るくなり、外から見える景色も美しくなります。そこに通い、過ごす学生も心地良く感じてくれていると思うことがあります。
また、日吉ほど広くありませんが、三田も丘で、崖地があって危険な箇所もあります。
イチョウ並木を守る
日吉のイチョウ並木は、近年調査と整備を積極的に進めています。私が来た時には、6、7年くらい枝を切っていないという状況でした。下のほうの枝は日が当たらないのでちょっと元気がなく、風が強い日は折れてしまうことがありました。上のほうの枝は隣の木の枝と干渉し合っていたりもした。そこでまず樹木医に見てもらったんですね。
樹勢調査をすると、剪定をした後の状態が一気に悪くなり、3、4年かけて何とか復活するということを繰り返していたようです。また胴枯(どうがれ)病もあったようで、樹皮が何かしらおかしいものと、空洞率が高くなってしまっている木がありました。
やはり切り方の影響が大きいようでしたので、東急グリーンシステムの中で棟梁の中の棟梁と言われている人に切ってもらうことにしました。わざわざ、見本剪定といって、1本木を決めて先に切って、1年おいて、影響がないことを確認した上で他の木を切っていくことにしました。
1年、見本剪定を見るわけですか。相当丁寧なことをしましたね。
そうですね。イチョウ並木はキャンパスの顔なので、これは大事にしていくべきだということと、やはり倒れた時の影響が相当大きい。また、シンボルなので円錐形にきれいに切るのはなかなか難しいみたいですね。
イチョウはもともと、自然な樹形は円錐形ではないのです。三田のイチョウの樹形は違いますよね。おおらかな丸い形が本来のイチョウの樹形なのです。でも、神宮外苑の絵画館前のイチョウが有名になり、イチョウはああいうものだと皆、思ってしまっている。
ただ、日吉のイチョウ並木は記念館へのビスタ(見通し景観)をつくるという意味もありますから、円錐形がいいと思います。
日吉のイチョウは、調べてみると、117本中3本くらい空洞率が高いものがありました。これらの木はワイヤーを張って倒れないようにしているのですが、このまま空洞率が高くなるようであれば、いよいよどこかで植え替えが必要なのかなと思っています。
植え替えについてはまだノープランで、とても難しいと思っているんです。117本のイチョウをいっぺんに替えるのは無理で、もちろん、並木がまったくなくなる状態はつくれない。
かといって、半分ずつ替えるのも難しいだろうと。そうすると間引きで替えていくのかとか、今後考えないといけないなと思っています。
危ない木は、どのあたりにあるのですか。
1本は入口のところにある木で、これは一番気にしています。昔は小さかったので幹の周りの土の部分も小さくて済んでいたのが、どんどん大きくなって結局アスファルトのほうに根が行ってしまって、そこを人が踏んで菌が入ったり、いろいろな理由で空洞化が起きているのだと思います。
たぶん、入口の近くとか向かって右手側は保健管理センターや道路もあって、いろいろいじっている部分だろうと思うのですね。おそらくそれで根を傷つけて、下から菌が入っているのではないかと思います。
樹木の寿命
イチョウ並木は日本中にたくさんありますね。植え替えをしているところはありますか。
昔植えた街路樹が大きくなり過ぎて困っている自治体は多いと思います。
イチョウの場合はまだ剪定に強いので、大きく切り詰めて縮小しても耐えてくれますが、ケヤキなんかだと扇形に開いている樹形なので、一次枝という幹から直接出ている太い枝を切り詰めてしまうと、もう一気に枝が枯れ、樹形も崩壊してしまい、樹木の元気がなくなってしまう。根っこも駄目になって倒木の危険が出ます。
日吉のイチョウ並木は皆さんから大事にされている。1本1本を大事にしたいのか、それともあのイチョウの並木を大事にしたいのかと言えば、それはやはり並木なのだと思います。日吉駅から記念館へと向かうあの景観を大事にするために、並木をどうやって維持していくかですね。
例えば、丁寧にやっている並木としては、宮崎のワシントンヤシの並木があります。あれは何十年計画で端から少しずつ植え替えていくという計画ですが、でも、日吉の場合、並木全体の更新を考えなければならないほど傷んでいないですよね。
そうですね。私は専門家ではないのですが、いわゆる成長率が止まっている感があります。根が張れる環境がもうあまりないので頭打ちになったのか、それとも成長する元気がなくなって止まってしまったのか、この10年くらいは、幹回りはほとんど成長が見られない状態になっているようなのです。
ただ、私は一昨年に見た感じだと、まだ大丈夫だと思います。空洞率が高くて危ないと言われているものも3本くらいということですし。
この並木は植えられて何年くらい経っていましたか。
1935(昭和10)年、日吉キャンパスができた翌年に植えられたんです。
イチョウは、ものによっては1000年くらい超えて残っているものもあると聞きます。
はい。鶴岡八幡宮のイチョウなどは、数年前に倒れましたが、鎌倉時代からあったものですね。
源実朝を暗殺した時、公暁が隠れたと言われる……。
それもおそらくあとの人が、言い伝えとして作った可能性は高いですが、それくらい生きてもおかしくない。
先ほど桜の話もありましたが、「ソメイヨシノ60年寿命説」も、そんなことはないと思います。
そうなんですね。それはもう、環境によるということでしょうか?
環境にもよりますし、管理にもよります。樹木ってもともと人間よりよほど長生きなのです。60年って誰が言い出したのか知りませんが、やはりソメイヨシノの場合、人がたくさん集まるところに植えるので、環境圧がすごくかかりやすい。人がどんどん踏みしめて土を固めてしまうからです。
砧公園にソメイヨシノの自然樹形がありますが、放っておくと本当にお椀をかぶせたような、下枝がウワーッと横に伸びていく木なのです。でも、そうすると、通行する車両にぶつかったり、見通しが悪くなったりするので、ある段階で太くなった枝を下ろしてしまう管理をしていることが多い。
太い枝を切ってしまうと、当然、相当大きな断面積が残ってしまいます。樹木は樹皮により、外部からの細菌や虫などに耐えられるような防御機構を持っているわけですが、むき出しになってしまうと、もうそこから腐っていってしまう。
よく、桜は腐りやすいと言われますが、親指くらいの太さの枝をバンバン切っても全く腐りません。太くなった枝を下ろすからいけないのです。そういう意味から、剪定の頻度は多くしたいですね。
なるほど、そうなんですね。
手を入れるほど樹勢、樹木の元気さはコントロールできるのです。要は枝葉を摘むと、光合成産物の全体量が減りますので、樹木の成長量は抑えられます。丁寧に手を入れてあげればあげるほど、だんだん手がかからなくなってくる。
放っておくと枝がたくさんついてきて樹木がどんどん肥大成長する。つまり太り方が早くなる。それを放置しておいて、ある時、バサッバサッと太い枝を切るから状態がまた一気に悪くなるんです。
三田の桜
三田キャンパスには、ソメイヨシノは35本ありましたが、大雨や強風で5本倒れてしまい、最近の調査では「問題あり」が13本と診断されています。
幻の門の近くの崖に立っていた桜が、根元から崖の下のほうへ倒れてしまったこともありました。これも、寿命というわけではないのですね。
寿命というよりは、根株の腐朽が進んでいるということだと思います。
崖地にあった弱っているソメイヨシノは思いきって切りました。崖地の向こう側は近隣の方の敷地なので危ないですから。
残っているソメイヨシノのうち、「問題あり」と診断された木は、安全を第1に考え小さくしました。一方で、5年くらい前までの桜はとてもきれいで、皆が写真を撮っていました。今はもうぱらぱらとしか花が見られなくなったことが残念です。
今後の桜の管理のあり方を考えるべき時期にあると思います。
桜は成長が早いですから、今、傷んでいる樹木をそのまま残しておくよりは、早めに植え替えてしまったほうがよいと思います。10年経てば花がきれいに咲きますから。
植え替えする時の桜は、ソメイヨシノを選択しないほうがいいのでしょうか。
ソメイヨシノは、てんぐ巣病という病気になりやすいんですね。てんぐ巣病というのは糸状菌(カビ)が原因で、枝がモシャモシャッとした状態になって、花も咲かなくなってしまう。それが天狗の巣にたとえられるのです。いずれは枯れていってしまうという病気です。
桜の名所づくりなどで有名な(公財)日本花の会も、これまで行っていたソメイヨシノの頒布をやめてしまいました。現在はジンダイアケボノという種類を代わりに頒布するようになったようです。ちょうど咲く時期が近く雰囲気も似ている。ソメイヨシノほど枝が広がらないので、最近はこれが注目されていますね。
カラスのねぐらはなぜできる?
三田キャンパスの桜は、ソメイヨシノに次いでカンザクラが多く植えられています。カンザクラのほうが倒れる件数は少ないですね。
カンザクラはそれほど大きくならないのではないですか。だから、倒れたとしても特に大きな被害にはならないということだと思います。
そういうことですね。卒業、入学の季節と桜が満開になる季節は重なりますが、そのころに桜が少ないのはとても寂しいです。施設管理者としてはどうにかしたいという思いがあります。
一方で、桜は虫が付きやすく管理が難しいという面もあります。
ただ、自然のものですからね。木のほうは虫が付いてもどうということもないんです(笑)。
これは完全に人間側の問題で、樹木自体がそれで弱るということは普通はないですし、葉っぱが食べられるだけなのでまた出してくれます。モンクロシャチホコという赤黒くてちょっと気持ち悪いのが夏の終わりくらいにワーッと付いたりするんですね。
また、日吉も同じ状況と思いますが、春先になるとカラスが樹木に巣をつくり通行人を襲うことがあり困っています。
カラスは、日吉は大変な集合場所になっているようです。記念館の屋根だったり、日吉の森だったり。4時半くらいに一斉にそれぞれのねぐらに帰って行くんです。だから、園芸業者の方たちは、「カラスも解散したから、我々もそろそろ帰るか」ってなるみたいです。
They tell us exactly when (laughs). Crows don't harm the trees themselves, but they become quite aggressive during the nesting season and sometimes peck at people, so tree managers are often concerned. When branches become dense and overgrown, it creates an environment where crows and starlings gather easily, so it is important to thin out the branches.
The worst approach is to wait five or six years and then cut them back drastically. If you do this, a large number of branches will sprout out like a broom after the cut. This naturally ruins the shape of the tree, and from a bird's perspective, it creates a very safe roosting environment.
Instead, you should remove branches at the point where they fork. There is a traditional Japanese method for garden trees called 'sukashi-sentei' (thinning pruning), and if you pay close attention to that while working, it makes a huge difference.
The Great Ginkgo Tree Marking History
The shape of the Great Ginkgo at Mita has a thick, heavy trunk, and the branches extend upward for a considerable height without spreading out, before suddenly fanning out all at once. Is this characteristic shape considered a good form for a ginkgo tree?
I took a look at it earlier, and it doesn't look like a case where thick branches were removed at some stage to raise the lower canopy. I think it has been maintained in that shape for a long time.
Lower branches are the thick ones growing from the very bottom, and it might have been better to leave a few more of those. The proportions are slightly off. If it were up to me, I would want to increase the tree height a bit more. However, it certainly makes you feel the history.
Yes. Especially the sight of the Great Ginkgo when you come up the stairs from the South School Building is very majestic and picturesque.
Without that tree, it wouldn't be the Mita Campus. Of course, there are many old buildings, but I think the fact that the trees have lived for a long time and are marking that growth is what gives the campus its character. Regarding the buildings at Mita, perhaps because the entire site is narrow, they are quite cramped, and I get the impression that new buildings are being constructed like marquetry. The buildings are quite large relative to the walkways, so you end up feeling like you're constantly looking up. Each individual building is wonderful, but when you look at the overall space, they feel disjointed, which is a shame.
I think if you use the landscaping more effectively, you could create interesting ways of presenting the space. Landscaping can connect spaces. If you plant large trees, you can create a composition where the buildings are hidden or covered before entering the next space.
Japanese stroll gardens (kaiyu-shiki) have that kind of composition. The Mita Campus was originally an Edo period daimyo's residence and naturally would have had a garden, so I think it might be worth considering planting new greenery or designing from that perspective.
That is very helpful. It is true that compared to Hiyoshi, the Mita Campus site is narrow and classrooms are often in short supply, so we are forced to build to the limit.
When the South School Building was rebuilt, I heard they listened to many opinions from students. For example, Hosei University and Meiji University built tower-style school buildings with over 30 floors. If we did the same, it would be expensive, but we could reduce the number of buildings and create many classrooms. On the other hand, tall buildings create a sense of oppression. Many students voiced that they didn't want the courtyard to be in the shade, and partly because of that, we haven't moved toward high-rise buildings.
When I graduated, the building at the Maboroshi no Mon (East Building) didn't exist yet, so it feels like it's gradually becoming a fortress. Once you go inside, though, there is still the central plaza.
The surrounding buildings act as sound barriers, so the courtyard of the Mita Campus is actually surprisingly quiet.
It seems like places like Fukuzawa Park and the garden in front of the South Building have become somewhat disappointing landscaped spaces...
Fukuzawa Park was developed to create an outdoor space for students when the South School Building was rebuilt.
At that time, the Forestry Mita-kai advised us that if we kept the deciduous broad-leaved trees, they would act as a natural roof in summer to block direct sunlight, and in winter the leaves would fall to provide warmth. We laid permeable tiles in Fukuzawa Park, cut back some of the undergrowth to let in a bit of light, and transformed it into a roof of deciduous broad-leaved trees.
Since the Mita Campus is an urban campus, we wanted to make effective use of the small site and create a place where students could sit on benches and gather. Since then, some of the roots have grown and reached areas where pedestrians walk. Whether to prioritize root protection or other uses is a difficult problem. There are various ideas on how the Mita Campus should be used. Within that, there is the difficulty of continuing to ensure the best environment for the plants.
That's true. It's not about putting trees first, but rather how to use the space in the most comfortable way for humans.
However, if you damage the trees, the space will eventually deteriorate as a result, so we need to think about that carefully. In that regard, I think things would change significantly just by having a plant expert involved.
"Frequent Haircuts" are Best
Landscape is one thing, but with ginkgo trees, there is also the battle with cleaning. With a ginkgo avenue like that, we go through about sixty 100-liter bags in a single day. Tree doctors say that if you leave the fallen leaves at the base of the tree, it protects the tree and retains moisture, but the moment the wind blows, they scatter all over the road (laughs).
Yes. Ginkgo leaves have a high oil content, so they can be slippery on slopes, so I wouldn't recommend leaving them there.
However, I want to mention that strong pruning is often done to reduce leaf fall, but even if you think the leaves will decrease by cutting them back hard, the total weight of the leaves that come out the following year doesn't actually change compared to when branches are carefully thinned out.
When branches and leaves decrease, the tree produces fewer photosynthetic products and energy, so it tries its best to sprout leaves. In a year when strong pruning is applied, the leaves look very large from the outside, but in fact, many small leaves are also sprouting. When you measure the dry weight together, there is no significant difference from thinning pruning.
If that's the case, it's better to control the tree's vigor by carefully thinning the branches. You can manage trees by controlling them with human techniques.
So you're saying we should give them frequent haircuts.
Exactly. Also, we must not forget to consider 'why we planted them in the first place.' There is a reason from the human side why it's good to have a tree here, and we want to cherish that.
The first benefit of landscaping is 'green shade.' In an urban environment where summers are becoming this hot, spreading branches and leaves to provide shade is a huge function. Moreover, trees are cool because water flows through them.
Next is 'disaster prevention and mitigation.' Having a cluster of trees can prevent fires. They act as a firebreak.
Also, experiments have shown that looking at the green of plants reduces stress psychologically and physiologically. At a university, everyone is studying while under various stresses, so a space that can alleviate that is absolutely necessary.
And regarding the avenues, there is the 'vista' (view) I mentioned earlier. They play a major role in strongly impressing visitors with the character and dignity of the Hiyoshi Campus. At Mita, the Great Ginkgo would be the same.
Furthermore, there is a community-building function where people of various ages gather around the greenery. At the university, there are students interested in the environment, and I think we could work together to manage the trees on campus or work on new designs.
What to Do About Replanting
Since Hiyoshi is designated as a scenic zone, if we cut down a tree, we have to plant one. There is very rich nature in the back, so if we decide to fell a tree because it's at risk of falling, the question becomes what to plant after felling it.
We have Himalayan cedars and metasequoias, but those trees keep growing taller and taller. Even if we plant a metasequoia avenue because it looks good at first, once the tree height grows, it becomes unmanageable to cut.
It's always difficult to decide what to plant and with what policy. We receive opinions from biology professors at Hiyoshi from the perspective of biodiversity.
I think we should divide the areas and make an overall plan. If it's inside a forest, we should plant tree species that contribute to biodiversity. However, planting something that wasn't originally there can actually cause disturbance, so there must be someone who can think about that carefully.
Also, for trees that face the road or are planted like street trees, species that are commonly planted as street trees in the world would be good. Such trees have been chosen since the Meiji era because they are easy to manage or resistant to urban environments.
There is an area called the Shimoda district on the opposite side of Hiyoshi Station where the Athletic Association's baseball field and other facilities are located, and this area had been left completely untouched. Residents have various opinions; some want it left as nature, while others want it cut clean for crime prevention, so opinions don't align.
But this year, we felled all the trees that were at risk of falling. Especially the cherry trees, which were so weak they had stopped blooming. Then, there were various opinions about what to plant in their place... I hope we can plant them under a theme that makes everyone happy.
In that case, it would be great if you could hold a workshop. I think that is a strength of a university.
I see. Professor, I'll be counting on you next time (laughs).
Shimoda was famous for its cherry blossoms, but they really weakened. It felt like they all went bad at once.
Cherry trees are hard to cut down. Although it might be better in the long run, when I think that what will be planted afterward will be much smaller than what is there now...
Felling cherry trees is difficult. They are trees that many people watch. Especially if they are street trees, there are people who pass by them every day. Among them, especially during the spring season, there are entrance and graduation ceremonies, and the trees are strongly linked to people's memories.
When it comes to cutting these down, some people naturally feel as if a part of them has been torn away. It's important to work while taking those feelings into account. I think we really need to hold a funeral for cherry trees.
At the university, there are many things besides cherry trees that people are strongly attached to. There are donated trees and commemorative trees.
When the South School Building was rebuilt, we transplanted a large southern magnolia and an olive tree that were in front of the old building, as well as part of a Machilus thunbergii, to the front of the South Building. All of them were commemorative trees, and since the southern magnolia was particularly large, we laid thick iron plates so as not to damage the asphalt of the courtyard and transported it through the campus on a trailer truck.
Also, to cut the large southern magnolia, we spent two years preparing and did 'nemawashi' (root pruning). This 'nemawashi' is said to be the origin of the term 'nemawashi' (laying the groundwork) that we often use; we cut the roots about two years prior, and after doing root pruning on all three, we finally moved only the one with the strongest vitality. We were able to please the donors and those related to them.
Toward Tree Management with a Narrative
Since it's located at a Juku, I feel like the Hiyoshi forest needs some kind of narrative (a clear policy).
There is an opinion that it's better to leave it as nature without management. On the other hand, the place where the Hiyoshi Campus is located is a plateau, and it's said that during the Jomon period, everything below it was the sea. That's why shell mounds and dwelling sites are found. If so, I think the Hiyoshi forest has an aspect of having been cleared and managed by human hands since that time. You could say it is nature that has been managed in a sense.
I want a narrative where everyone can talk to the point of considering that history, and say, 'Ah, I see, that's why we're doing this kind of management.'
Staff members change frequently due to personnel rotations, so if there is such a narrative, even if the person in charge changes, it can become a major point of reference for management. I hope we can maintain the Hiyoshi forest in that way.
As you say, many shell mounds are found around there, and it's an area where human activity has existed since ancient times, so it's likely a secondary forest and wouldn't have been a forest where people didn't enter. A secondary forest is a forest centered on deciduous trees, so in the Kanto region, it was probably centered on sawtooth oak (kunugi) and konara oak.
The reason it became that kind of forest was to use it as a fuel forest for firewood and charcoal. Since they are deciduous trees, it becomes a very bright space. A bright forest is also a very important perspective for students to live safely on campus. I think it's good to continue thinking of it as a secondary forest centered on deciduous trees.
Also, there are management goals, plans, and then the target tree shape for each individual tree. I want us to firmly establish things like, 'If this tree is planted in this location, let's keep it at about this size.'
Currently, in large cities like those in the US, many places link all tree information with GIS (Geographic Information System) and publish it on their websites. If you zoom in on the map, a photo of the tree appears, and it shows everything about what kind of species it is. Some campuses are also taking such initiatives. That's how they get citizens to feel a sense of familiarity.
So there are such initiatives.
Even though I had been looking at the ginkgo avenue at Hiyoshi since high school, I didn't realize it was such a good thing. When I visited again after studying various things, I was moved once more, thinking that I had attended such an amazing place.
There are many things you can't see if you don't know about them. If we can take initiatives to let everyone know about the information and knowledge regarding the green landscape of the campus, exchanges and interesting activities through greenery might also be born.
Mita is of course the same, but at Hiyoshi, people from the town also pass through that ginkgo avenue on a daily basis. In that sense, the Hiyoshi avenue has a very strong role as a public good, to the extent that it received a streetscape award from Yokohama City. Since it is very precious, including the forest of the Hiyoshi Campus, I want to continue to cherish it.
Thank you very much for today.
*Affiliations and titles are as of the time of publication.